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SOME INTERNET WEB SITES FOR ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I: Support web site for our textbook
Martini On Line; Websites for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, Martini, (website for our A&P textbook). Click on a picture of your textbook enter your user name and password (see instructions in the preface of your book) and access a huge web study guide. Choose a chapter and answer a series of multiple choice questions, essays, searches, etc. Excellent links) If you are going to use the Internet to help yourself learn anatomy/physiology, this web site is a must. Extra credit points can be earned! http://www.prenhall.com/martini/ General Anatomy Visible Human Project; a number of links to thousands of images of serial sagittal and coronal thin slices of the human body. A famous project. All students of anatomy should use this http://www.yahoo.com/science/biology/anatomy/visible_Human_Project_
American Association of Anatomists; a huge listing of everything you need, from tutorials, graphics, animations, schools, etc. A must see and use for the internet anatomy learner. www.faseb.org/anatomy/hotlinks.html
Vesalius educational anatomy for the surgical community; excellent archive of surgical procedure images. Featured ones changed weekly. Involves a free registration to use. A good way to review your anatomy
UW Radiology Teaching File; Anatomy Teaching Modules http://www.rad.washington.edu/AnatomyModuleList.html
Human Anatomy On Line (a learning program for all body systems; anatomy/physiology on line, check it out)
Archive of anatomy and medical illustrations: An extensive list of illustrations and/or photographs of many topics, such as blood, cancer, cardiology, genetics, HIV, microorganisms, etc. http://www.cmsp.com/data2/txtidx.htm
CMM Image Gallery – an archive of electron microscope pictures of body structures as well as other biological organisms and even some non-biological material. Interesting pictures http://www.uq.oz.au/nanoworld/gallery.html
The Anatomy Atlas; University of Michigan Medical School (gross anatomy and histology illustrations) http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Atlas/atlas.html
Tufts University School of Medicine/ Cross Sectional Anatomy http://neuron3.med.tufts.edu/gross.html
Anatomy Tutorials; University of Newcastle; UK http://numedsun.ncl.ac.uk/~nds4/tutorials/index.html
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation, Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D http://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtml
Anatomy Tables: Anatomy parts organized into tabular form, topics listed, i.e. arteries of the chest, etc. very good http://anatomy.uams.edu/HTMLpages/anatomyhtml/medcharts.html
Body Regions I Tutorial: Match the items on the right with the items on the left. Your score is then given http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/regions1.htm
Body Regions II Tutorial: Match the items on the right with the items on the left. Your score is then given http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/regions2.htm
Body Regions III Tutorial: Match the items on the right with the items on the left. Your score is then given http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/regions3.htm
Body Regions IV Tutorial: Match the items on the right with the items on the left. Your score is then given http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/regions4.htm
Anatomical Direction Terminology Match Exercise: set up like a game of "concentration" http://www.quia.com/jg/65933.html
Words and Word Parts Pertaining to Body Stucture: match names and areas of the body. Like a game of "concentration". http://www.quia.com/mc/65973.html
General Anatomy and Physiology The Human Anatomy & Physiology Case Study Project (HAPCS) (a series of medical cases used to stimulate critical thinking skills to better understand anatomy and physiology, very good) http://www.niagara.edu/~bcliff/
Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (contains lots of links that are good for the A&P learner)
Bio 201/202; Anatomy and Physiology at Yavapai College course notes and photographs; Prescott, Arizona. Click on a subject from the main menu and you will be presented summary notes and many photographs, microphotographs, etc. to click on. Each subject is recommended to study as we study. The photomicrographs of tissues and blood cells are some of the best. http://www.yavapai.cc.az.us/division/sci_math/biology/biology.htm
Mednets Anatomy and Physiology Databases (an extensive listing of links for all types of subjects in anatomy/physiology as well as other related medical subjects-very good) http://www.internets.com/mednets/sanatomy.htm
Virtual Explorer: The aim of the virtual explorer project is to develop highly interactive virtual environments for science education. Currently we are modeling an environment that allows a student to enter and navigate the bloodstream, exploring the basic function of the immune system, as well as a number of topics in basic biology and chemistry. In the future, we hope to expand the project to include additional domain areas. http://www-wilson.ucsd.edu/ve/index_noframes.html
Study Practice Questions: questions over cell biology, tissues, skin, bones and articulations, muscle tissue and muscle physiology, nervous tissue, autonomic nervous system http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/index.htm
General and Human Biology Weblinks, Anatomy/physiology: A variety of links to teaching websites covering such topic for example as tissues, immunology, pathology, neurology, fetal pig dissection, and more. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/gbio_weblinks/anatomy.mhtml
General and Human Biology Weblinks, mainpage: The mainpage of the above address which will link into all of the other main specializations of biology. Very comprehensive http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/gbio_weblinks/index.mhtml
General and Human Biology Weblinks, Bioethics Cases: A series of links to various issues facing society because of contempory biology www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/olc_linkedcontent/bioethics_cases/index.html
Anatomy and Physiology Lab Exercises at the University of Wisconsin: click on the table of contents to studies of tissues, dissections of cats, terminology, microscope usage, etc. Numerous links to labeled photographs of dissections and microscope views. http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Table_of_Contents/table_of_contents.html
General Science Science Online; American Association for the Advancement of Science (a must for all scientists not only for current information of scientific research but also careers and job listings in science)
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History http://nmnhwww.si.edu/nmnhweb.html
National Science Foundation
Science Careers: BioChemNet; an excellent web site for the individual considering a career in the sciences, especially the biological sciences. Consists of links to careers, job markets, salaries, education, interviews and has data bases, professional organizations, and job preparation suggestions. http://schmidel.com/bionet/jobs.htm
General Medical and Biological American Medical Association (contains an extensive set of archives of articles) http://www.ama-assn.org/public/journals/pubhome.htm
Medscape (an online resource for health professionals featuring thousands of full-text articles, medical news, and interactive quizzes, very good)
Medtropolis: A large resource for just about anything medical: http://www.medtropolis.com/VBody.asp
General Biological Science Animations: links to animations web sites for just about any topic in biological chemistry, basic biology concepts, and anatomy/physiology. Very comprehensive. Good for visual learners. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/animatio.htm#chemsitry
World-Wide Web Virtual Library - Biosciences (a huge listing of web sites covering all topics, including jobs in biology; very good) http://golgi.harvard.edu/biolinks.html
The WWW Cell Biology Course: an excellent web site for learning basic cell biology. Different pages present written descriptions and labeled drawings on all the topics. Included are cell parts, cell division (mitosis and meiosis), protein synthesis, cell membrane structure and function. http://www.cbc.umn.edu/~mwd/cell_www/cell.html
Cell membrane: descriptions and drawings of cell membrane structure and function. http://www.cbc.umn.edu/~mwd/cell_www/chapter2/membrane.html
Building Blocks of Nutrition: excellent description of organic compound groups like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, etc. http://www.healthy.net/nutrit/nutinfo/bblocks/index.html
The Biology Project: a wonderful series of teaching tutorials for the beginning college biology student. Modules covered are: Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Chemicals and Human Health, Developmental Biology, Human Biology, Immunology, Mendelian Genetics, and Molecular Biology. An excellent help for preparation for the pre-test over basic chemistry and cell biology. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/
General and Human Biology Weblinks, mainpage: The mainpage of an above address which will link into all of the other main specializations of biology. Very comprehensive http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/gbio_weblinks/index.mhtml
General and Human Biology Weblinks, Bioethics Cases: A series of links to various issues facing society because of contempory biology www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/olc_linkedcontent/bioethics_cases/index.html
General and Human Biology Weblinks, Case Studies: A list of case studies of a variety of human biology issues. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/casestudies/
Chemistry Tutorial: the purpose of this tutorial is to introduce you to some of the chemical concepts which are necessary to understand biology. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/tutorials/chemistry/main.html
The Virtual Cell Web Page: an excellent tutorial about organic biological compounds, including enzyme function. http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/textbook/chapter2/chapter2.htm
The Virtual Cell Web Page: in this tutorial, the parts of the cell are investigated. http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/textbook/chapter3/chapter3.htm
Endocytosis: an excellent discussion with diagrams of this cellular process http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/E/Endocytosis.html
Cell Biology Topics: an excellent, detailed, advanced presentation of cellular structure and activities. http://cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/Index.htm
Apoptosis: Cellular death, detailed mechanism of cellular death caused either by injury or self-induced suicide. http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/A/Apoptosis.html
How Cancer Arises: a detailed presentation by Scientific American http://www.sciam.com/0996issue/0996weinberg.html
Cloned: A series of links for this topic, some for biological details, others for discussing social and moral issues associated with it. http://sciencematters.com/cloned/
Cell Communication, The Inside Story: a detailed presentation by Scientific American http://www.scientificamerican.com/2000/0600issue/0600pawson.html
Animation of ATP Synthesis in Mitochondria: http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/anim/ATPmito.html
Cellular Respiration: tutorial with diagrams. http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/C/CellularRespiration.html#respiratory
Study Questions over Respiration: an excellent set of questions to help learn these concepts. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/metabolism/metabolism.html
Cellular Respiration Tutorial, Step by Step: helps develop the concepts, critical thinking; with animations of the reactions. http://www.jonmaber.demon.co.uk/
Biological Molecules Test: An interactive tutorial experiment involving the testing for presence of the major types of biological macromolecules http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/macromol/controls.html Generalized Reaction of Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis: An interactive tutorial experiment involving the concepts of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis using simple and complex sugars, amino acids and polypeptides as examples.http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html
Glycolysis: An interactive tutorial experiment using animations to show the chemical steps in the metabolic pathway called glycolysis. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/glylysis/glylysis.html
Production of ATP by Oxydative Phosphorylation: An interactive tutorial experiment using animations to show the chemical processes in the electron transport phase of aerobic respiration within mitochondria. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/etc/respirat.html
Unraveling the Mystery of Protein Folding: Alzheimer's disease. Cystic fibrosis. Mad Cow disease. An inherited form of emphysema. Even many cancers. Recent discoveries show that all these apparently unrelated diseases result from protein folding gone wrong. As though that weren't enough, many of the unexpected difficulties biotechnology companies encounter when trying to produce human proteins in bacteria also result from something amiss when proteins fold. What exactly is this phenomenon? http://www.faseb.org/opar/protfold/protein.html
Diffusion, Dialysis, and Osmosis Tutorial: An interactive tutorial involving you answering questions in order to progress through the pages to enhance understanding of these physical processes. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/Osotutor.html
**Phases of Animal Cell Mitosis Tutorial: microscope views of animal cells showing chromosomes and other mitosis involved structures. Click to progress through the stages of prophase, metaphase, etc. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/mitosis/amitosis.html
The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Tutorial: designed to introduce you to the events that occur within the cell cycle and the process of mitosis that divides the duplicated genetic material creating two identical daughter cells. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/main.html
Using the Microscope: presents the components and their functions and leads you through some virtual lab exercises on usage. http://www.curtin.edu.au/curtin/dept/biomed/teach/hubiol/vmicro1.htm
Animal Cell Life Cycle Matching Exercise: Drag the name of mitosis phase to the microphotograph that represents that phase. Click to get your score. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/cycle.htm
Plant Cell Life Cycle Matching Exercise: Drag the name of mitosis phase to the microphotograph that represents that phase. Click to get your score. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/pcycle.htm
Matching Organic Molecule Functional Groups: Drag the name of functional group to the diagram that represents that group. Click to get your score. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/groups.htm
Matching Carbohydrates: Drag the name of carbohydrate type to the diagram that represents it. Click to get your score. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/carbos.htm
Matching Lipid Types: Drag the name of carbohydrate type to the diagram that represents it. Click to get your score. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/lipids.htm
Match Amino Acid, Polypeptide, and Protein Molecules: Drag the name of the chemical type to its diagram. Click to get your score: http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/aa.htm
Biochemical Molecule Flashcards: Click and a structural formula is given. Identify it to yourself, click again to see the answer. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/chemistry.htm
Tissues Histology: Loyola University Medical Education Network; John A McNulty, Ph.D., Professor, Dept of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy. Extensive amount of microphotographs and descriptions of microscopic anatomy. Excellent for tissue studies. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/frames/histo_frames.html
Virtual Microscope: study of tissue slides with practice lab practicals http://www.dccc.edu/virtualmicroscope/VMPage/very1st.htm
Tissue Tutorial; University of Florida College of Medicine: Includes review and quiz modes (presents multiple choice questions associated with the microscope image. http://www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/
Tissues of the Human Body; An Introduction: an excellent tutorial with vocabulary, images, functions, locations, and self-testing. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/tismodov.html
The Histology Course: Excellent outline description and photomicrographs of tissues. Includes practice identifications. Topics include: epithelium, blood cells, nervous tissue, cardiovascular system, and alimentary tract. http://gene.md.huji.ac.il/gabi/lectures.htm UWMS Histology Atlas http://www.anatomy.wisc.edu/histology/histo.html
Histology Practical Exam: Twenty microscope identifications are asked along with several questions concerning the details of the tissue. Excellent practice when studying tissues. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/histoprc/prac1q.htm
The JayDoc HistoWeb: An excellent tissue study and blood cell study web site from the anatomy department at the University of Kansas. Excellent microphotos of the tissues with arrows pointing to the cells or tissues to be identified. http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/index.htm
Tissues: Click on the epithelium, connective, muscle/nervous tissue button to see good photomicrographs of varieties of these tissue groups. http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/Course/BIOLOGY/1409/images.htm
Tissue Tutorial: Study photographs of tissues with information about their functions and structures http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/tissue.html
Matching Tissue Quiz 1: Match the microphotograph to the tissue type by dragging the name to the photo, click to get your score http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/quiz1.htm
Matching Tissue Quiz 2: Match the microphotograph to the tissue type by dragging the name to the photo, click to get your score http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/quiz2.htm
Matching Tissue Quiz 3: Match the microphotograph to the tissue type by dragging the name to the photo, click to get your score http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/quiz3.htm
Histology Flash Cards: Click and a microphoto appears. Identify it to yourself, click again and the answer is given. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/dropdrag/histology.htm
Epithelia Study Guide: http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/epithelia/epith_lec.htm Organ System Pathology Images: http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ORGAN.html
Skin The Electronic Textbook of Dermatology: Anatomy of the Skin; R.J. Drugge, MD; Internet Dermatology Society, Stamford, CThttp://www.telemedicine.org/science.htm
Model of Skin, unlabeled photo. good to practice transposing structures from your notes to the model. http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/Course/BIOLOGY/1409/skin.htm
The Integument and its Accessory Organs: An interactive tutorial in which you can click on different micro views of skin and see details of their structure and function http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/skin/integum.html
Nervous System Test Your Knowledge of Brain Anatomy: Point to an area of the brain on a diagram. The area lights up with the name of the area identified. Click and a description of the function of that brain area appears. http://www.neurosci.louisville.edu/brain/brainanat.html
Brain Anatomy: labeled and unlabeled diagrams of a human brain model and a sheet brain model: http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/brain/Index.htm
The Human Brain, A Learning Tool http://uta.marymt.edu/~psychol/brain.html
Sounds of neuronal discharge: different frequencies of spike potentials are shown with drawings and with sound recordings produced my moderate, medium, and strong electrical stimulation to neurons within the spinal cord. http://server.physiol.arizona.edu/Physiology/Neuronsounds.html Stereoscopic microscope views of: a. Axonal tracts from sensory nerurons projecting into the central nervous system. b. Neurons in a Leech central nervous system. c. Striated muscle end-plates. d. Mouse brain astrocytes. http://server.physiol.arizona.edu/Physiology/Inst&Tech/3d/3dImages.html
Sheep Brain Dissection Guide; learn the anatomy of the brain by dissecting a sheep brain on-line, many times this is a traditional lab exercise in anatomy/physiology classes. http://academic.uofs.edu/department/psych/sheep/
Cow's Eye Dissection; similar to the above URL. This is an exercise we will do in class. http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/cow_eye/index.html
Anatomy/Physiology of the Ear (good source of anatomy/physiology of the ear) http://www.adworks.com/dizzy/anatomy.html
The Whole Brain Atlas http://www.med.harvard.edu./AANLIB/home.html
NDRF: National Disautonomia Research Foundation; A good web site explaining the basics of the autonomic nervous system and a very nice resource for autonomic nervous system disorders. http://www.ndrf.org/index.html#top
Motor end plate fatigue: This link will load a short movie that depicts the fatigue of a motor unit, the smallest functional unit of muscle, when subjected to a repetitive task. http://server.physiol.arizona.edu/Physiology/Inst&Tech/Animation.html
Nitric Oxide as a chemical signal: functioning as a neurotransmitter and a cardiac regulator. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1998/illpres/index.html
Special Senses Quiz: This interactive quiz helps you learn the histology of the special senses. http://www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/quiz/mh13.html
The Neuroanatomy Tutorial: An excellent set of teaching tutorials concentrating on the brain. Various links are presented for applications and pathologies. Point and click study diagrams are used for presenting the anatomy of the brain. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/brain/1neuro.htm
The Cranial Nerve Tutorial: Point and click diagrams for name identification. Functions are presented as well as a number of links to other sites for additional information and applications. Study questions are included. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/cn/cranial.htm
Anatomy of the Eye and Ear: Includes dissection of an eye, labeled and unlabeled models of eye and ear, and microslides of inner ear. http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/eye&ear/index.htm
Skeletal System University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Radiology Interactive Images - Knee http://www.rad.upenn.edu/rundle/InteractiveKnee.html
The Articulation Page (directions for making your own skeleton) http://www-adm.pdx.edu/user/bio/articula/home.html
Virtual Bones: study of skeletal structures with practice lab practicals http://www.dccc.edu/Vbones/bonesbox/vbones.html Joint Fluoroscopy:
A Multimedia Textbook and Teaching Module on
Anatomy using Joint Fluoroscopy; Craig
Huston, B.S.E., Eric Brandser, M.D., Department of
Radiology, http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D005471.html
Skull Anatomy Tutorial: A very good study tutorial for skull anatomy. Choose various views, point and click and the bone or specific landmarks on those bones are highlighted. Follow links to more details. Some of the links include a video and/or audio download. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skull/skulltt.htm
The Vertebral Column Tutorial: A very good study tutorial for vertebrae and vertebral column anatomy. Similar to the Skull Anatomy Tutorial. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/vert/vertut.htm
The Hand and Wrist Tutorial: A very good study tutorial for the bones of the hand and the individual carpals within the wrist. Similar to the Skull Anatomy Tutorial. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/hand/anhand.htm
Gross Anatomy, Bones Tables: extensive study notes in tabular form of bones. http://anatomy.uams.edu/htmlpages/anatomyhtml/bones.html
X-rays, Anatomy of the Skeleton: provides x-rays views of skeletal structure with and without labels. Highly recommended since this is the way many of you will see bones when working in the medical field. http://www.scar.rad.washington.edu/RadAnatomy.html
Photographs of skulls, axial and appendicular bone, hands and feet-unlabeled http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/Course/BIOLOGY/1409/skel_index.htm
Daily Skeletal Anatomy Quizzes: Great site for practicing identifying bones and their details http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/skeleton/skeleton.htm
Epiphysis of a Long Bone Tutorial: A study tutorial showing microphotos of parts and discussing functions associated with bone growth and hematopoiesis. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/epiphyss/epiphyss.html
Muscular System The Muscles Tutorial: Point and click on diagrams of skeletal muscles to identify them by location and name. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/muscle/mustut.htm
Photographs of torso models and models of arms and legs-unlabeled http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/Course/BIOLOGY/1409/muscles.htm
Motor end plate fatigue: This link will load a short movie that depicts the fatigue of a motor unit, the smallest functional unit of muscle, when subjected to a repetitive task. http://server.physiol.arizona.edu/Physiology/Inst&Tech/Animation.html
Dissection Online Cat Dissection; a high school level dissection of the cat. Good for basic review when we are doing this learning project http://www.bhs.berkeley.k12.ca.us/departments/Science/anatomy/cat/index.html
Thinkquest: The Online Cat Dissection: high school level but good labeled photos, printable diagrams, and testing option. http://www.thinkquest.org/library/lib/site_sum_outside.html?tname=15401&url=15401/index.html
Cat Dissection with labeling
Cat Dissection; Muscles: click on the photographs of the skinned cats for the detailed dissection http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/cat_muscles/Index.htm
Virtual Cat: study of cat dissection with practice lab practicals
Anatomy Lab at Penn State University (Biology 129): Click on the body system to see numerous links to photographs of skeletal structure and dissected cat specimen. http://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/biology29.htm
Dissection of the Rat: http://www.utm.edu/~rirwin/RatAnat.htm
Muscle and Digestive System Dissection of the Rat: http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab15/
The Virtual Pig Dissection: http://mail.fkchs.sad27.k12.me.us/fkchs/vpig/
Virtual Pig Dissection (Shockwave): http://www.whitman.edu/offices_departments/biology/vpd/main.html
Interactive Frog Dissection http://curry.edschool.Virginia.EDU/go/frog/menu.html
Sheep Brain Dissection Guide; learn the anatomy of the brain by dissecting a sheep brain on-line, many times this is a traditional lab exercise in anatomy/physiology classes. http://academic.uofs.edu/department/psych/sheep/
Anatomy of the Eye: Photographs of dissected cow eyes http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/eye&ear/eye_dissection.htm
Cow's Eye Dissection; similar to the above URL. This is an exercise we will do in class. http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/cow_eye/index.html
Your Surgery.Com: this neat website allows you to choose what type of surgery (ie. abdominal aortic aneurysm) and photographs and diagrams of the procedures are given along with anatomy of the site, pathology, symptoms, methods of diagnosis, possible complications, etc. http://www.yoursurgery.com/index.cfm
Miscellaneous Nobel Prize Winners (all categories), 1901 - 2000 http://almaz.com/nobel/nobel.html
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Winners, 1901 - 2000 http://www.almaz.com/nobel/medicine/
Careers in Biology: An extensive list and discussion of schools and careers for biology majors Very good http://www.sicb.org/cib/index.html
Careers in Biology: The applied biology resource center of McGraw-Hill Co. a comprehensive list covers nearly every area of biology http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/abio/careers.mhtml
Medical and Health Science Careers: extremely comprehensive http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/prepro/pppref.html
Mentor; Interactive Education on the Wed (an excellent teaching web site that asks you questions, gives you a score, and has graphics. Good site)
Genentech Access of Resources; Links to Selected Resources (an extensive listing of titles for numerous web sites for the biological sciences. A good reference source)
Study Skills: A good web site with lots of links to others all dealing with improving your study habits and learning techniques. http://www.siu.edu/staffair/studyskls.html
Personality Tests: More than 50 personality and IQ tests available to take on the web. http://www.2h.com/Tests/personality.phtml/iq.phtml Human Cloning: An extensive site covering all sides of the issue. http://cac.psu.edu/~gsg109/qs/ The DVC Online Learning Styles Site: presents a discussion on individual learning styles, such as what type of sensory input method of information a college students learns best by; i.e. visual, tactile, auditory, etc. You may take an analysis exam on-line to determine which learning style is best for you. This site is a must for every college student. Helpful study techniques can be acquired from this analysis. http://silcon.com/~scmiller/lsweb/dvclearn.htm
Virtual Autopsy: presents 7 cases in which you attempt to determine the cause of death. Good practice using your knowledge of anatomy and physiology to develop critical thinking skills. http://www.le.ac.uk/pathology/teach/VA/titlpag1.html
Center for Human Simulation, Anatomical Visualization, Inc. Surgical simulations, animations, models, and movies. Some involve whole 3-D images of body parts, others are of serial coronal and transverse sections. Interactive. All images from the Visable Human databank. http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/chs/research/surgsim.html
Free, full article or abstract of any science journal article from nearly every science journal there is that is 12 months or older. Can be completely downloaded or printed. http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/freeart.dtl Biosciences Journals: Science...Science news summaries and full text of selected articles. http://www.sciencemag.org/ Cell...All abstracts. http://www.cell.com/ Cell and Molecular Biology Online http://www.cellbio.com/ The EMBO Journal...Contents and selected abstracts http://www.emboj.org/ FASEB Journal http://www.arvo.org/ Human Molecular Genetics Journal...Contents and abstracts http://www3.oup.co.uk/hmg/ NaturalScience...Journal for the educated science browser http://naturalscience.com/ns/nshome.html Nature...Abstracts only; Free registration required http://www.nature.com/ Nature Biotechnology http://biotech.nature.com/ Nature Genetics http://genetics.nature.com/ Nature Medicine http://medicine.nature.com/ Journal of Biological Chemistry...Full text. http://www.jbc.org/ Journal of Cell Science...All abstracts on cell biology. http://www.biologists.com/JCS/ Journal of Clinical Investigation...Abstracts. http://www.jci.org/ Journal of Experimental Biology...All abstracts. Journal of Immunology...All abstracts. Journal of the National Cancer Institute...Abstracts only. WWW Journal of Biology Home Page...Excellent - full text with hyperlinks. http://epress.com/w3jbio/ Protein Science E-Journal...Contents and abstracts
THE SCIENTIST
http://www.the-scientist.library.upenn.edu/toc.html Sites, References, Etc.: Entrez MEDLINE query...Premier search site for journal articles. http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=0 WWW Library: Biosciences...Journal indexes for bioscience. http://mcb.harvard.edu/BioLinks.html Online Reference Works... http://www.cs.cmu.edu/references.html SciWeb-The Life Science Home Page... http://www.sciweb.com/ CSUBIOWEB...Links to many other BioSci sites for surfin' http://arnica.csustan.edu/ Zippi's HomePage ...BioLinks (with a viral slant) from Dr. Teri Shors up in chilly Oshkosh http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/drshors/bugs/Page1.html
Medical/Health Daily/Weekly News Updates: · CNN - Health ... Daily news in Health & Medicine http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/ · Heart News Daily... Good site devoted to cardio-health news http://www.heartinfo.org/news/news.htm · JAMA News...Weekly updates from J. Am. Med. Assoc. http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/sci-news/1997/ · Mayo Medical Daily News...Very good biomedical news summaries http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/common/htm/headline.htm · Reuters Health News...Daily updates http://www.reutershealth.com/ · Science Daily...Updates in BioMed and other fields from AAAS · Science News...From the Weekly magazine ScienceNews http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/ · USA Today Health Index...Daily BioMed news organized by topic http://www.usatoday.com/life/health/lhindex.htm · Weekly News Briefs ...Press releases from various journals http://www.homepage.holowww.com/topcwh.htm · Better Health ...Categorized health updates http://www.allhealth.com/ · Medical Breakthroughs ...Hot off the presses! · Science Central...Links you to many SciNews articles http://www.ivanhoe.com/
Medical Journals: · British Medical Journal...News and full text of selected articles. http://www.bmj.com/bmj/index.html · Hospital Medicine...E-journal from Medscape, (Need password - free regist.) http://www.medscape.com/quadrant/HospitalMedicine/public/journal.HospMed.html · JAMA...Abstracts and full text of selected articles (Need password) http://www.ama-assn.org · The Lancet...Contents and selected articles (Need password) http://www.thelancet.com/index.html · Morbity-Mortality Weekly...Full text of selected articles. http://www2.cdc.gov/mmwr/ · New England Journal of Medicine http://www.nejm.org/ Health Magazines: · Lifelines... A Collection of health, nutrition and medical resources and Internet links http://www.lifelines.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~lifeline/mainpage.pl · Men's Fitness Homepage http://www.mensfitness.com/ · Men's Health ... http://www.menshealth.com/index.html · Women's Health... http://www.libov.com/ · Worldguide: Health & Fitness http://www.worldguide.com/Fitness/hf.html Sites, Links, Etc.: · American Heart Association...Homepage for AHA heart and stroke information · American Society of Clinical Pathologists http://www.ascp.org/ · American College of Physicians...Some areas for ACP members only http://www.acponline.org/ · Anatomy Atlases... http://www.anatomyatlases.org/ · Barrow Neurological Institute http://www.chw.edu/MHA/LearnaboutUs/BNI.html · Centers for Disease Control and Prevention... http://www.cdc.gov/ · Cool Medical Site Of The Week...Changes weekly(?) to bring unique and informative medical sites http://www.hooked.net/users/wcd/cmsotw.html · Diabetes Fact Sheet...Diabetes information from CDC http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/ddt/facts.htm · Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center...Homepage of FHCRC http://www.fhcrc.org/ · Health Facts of the Week... Brief health-related factoids http://www.medicinenet.com/Script/Main/HP.asp?li=MNI&d=131 · Int. Assoc. Physic. AIDS Care http://www.iapac.org/ · Mayo Clinic & Foundation for Medical Education and Research... http://www.mayo.edu/menu.html · National Jewish Center for Immun. and Resp. Med. http://www.njc.org/ · NetMedicine Home Page... http://www.mdchoice.com/ · QuackWatch Home Page http://www.quackwatch.com/
Resources: · Ascultation Assistant...great site with audio files of various heart sounds http://www.med.ucla.edu/wilkes/intro.html · Ask Dr. Weil... http://pathfinder.com/drweil/ · Alphabetic List of Specific Diseases/Disorders...Background info on lots of common and unusual diseases http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/alphalist.html · BioMedNet ...EXCELLENT!! free registration allows access to LOTS of biomed/research journals and more! http://www.biomednet.com/ · Biotechnology Search ...Search Medline Molecular Biology Subset http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/medline · Clinical Pathology...Immunologic and Microbio pathology images http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPage/CLINPATH/CLINPATH.html · Dermatology Online Atlas... http://www.dermis.net/index_e.htm · Doctor's Internet Guide...News & health resources updated often http://www.pslgroup.com/docguide.htm · HeartInfo - Heart Information Network http://www.heartinfo.org/ · Henderson Health NewsWeeklies http://www.homepage.holowww.com/ · The Human Transcript Map...1996 Update on human genome project http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/ · Images of Osler...Good Medical Image Site http://omj.med.jhu.edu./images/ · Jonathan Tward's Multimedia Medical Reference Library... http://www.med-library.com/medlibrary/ · Martindale's Health Science Guide...Huge http://www-sci.lib.uci.edu/HSG/HSGuide.html · Mayo Health Oasis Library http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/common/htm/notfound.htm · Medical Matrix http://www.medmatrix.org/reg/login.asp · MedicineNet... http://www.medicinenet.com/Script/Main/hp.asp · Medscape...Good health resources, requires registration (free) to access http://www.medscape.com/ · MuscleNet...Neuro-, Cardio, & Genetic Muscle Info http://www.bio.unipd.it/~telethon/muscle1.html · Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man...Good resource on biomed research http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/ · Organ System Pathology http://medstat.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ORGAN.htmlorgan · Pathology Laboratory...Large medical image resource http://medstat.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html#organ · The Visible Human Project...Whole body sectioned - (Slow loading images) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html · WebDoctor... http://www.gretmar.com/ · Your Health Daily http://nytsyn.com/live/Lead/
Neuroscience Journals: · Archives of Neurology http://www.ama-assn.org/public/journals/neur/neurhome.htm · Archives of Psychiatry http://www.ama-assn.org/public/journals/psyc/psychome.htm · BNI Quarterly...Good info on neurologic applications & research at BNI http://www.thebni.com/quarterly.thml · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity...Abstracts only http://www.idealibrary.com/cgi-bin/www.idealibrary.com_8011/xlogin/guest-bi/ideal · Journal of Mind and Behavior http://kramer.ume.maine.edu/~jmb/welcome.html · Neurobiology of Disease...Full text http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/journal.html · Neuron...All abstracts, mostly in neurophysiology http://www.cell.com/neuron · Neurology Forum...Articles and responses on neuroscience topics http://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/forum/ · Neuroscience Newsletter http://www.sfn.org/NL/current/ · On The Brain http://www.med.harvard.edu/publications/On_The_Brain/ · Psyche...An interdisciplinary journal of research on consciousness http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/ Alzheimer's Disease: · Alzheimer Web Home Page ..Good reference page for AD sites and current research interests http://dsmallpc2.path.unimelb.edu.au/ad.html · Alzheimer Research...Mass. General Hosp. site for AD research http://132.183.145.103/alzheimers/alzheimer.html · Alzheimer Dementia Resource...Very good overview of AD including plenty of excellent images http://teri.bio.uci.edu/changes.html · Griffin's Alzheimer's Research...Homepage for Alzheimer researcher interested in cytokine activities in AD http://oz.ach.uams.edu/drg1.htm · Alzheimer's Disease Review...New E-Journal with several full articles http://www.coa.uky.edu/ADReview/
Parkinson's Disease: · Parkinson's Disease Sites http://euler.ntu.ac.uk/sm/Teach/parkdis.htm · Pathology of Degenerative CNS Diseases http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/CNS/CNS.htm · WebDoctor | Parkinson's http://www.gretmar.com/webdoctor/Parkinsons.html Neuroscience References, Links, Etc.: · Barrow Neurological Institute http://www.chw.edu/MHA/LearnaboutUs/BNI.html · Calvin's Books and Articles... Full text of several mind/neuroscience-related books - Wow! http://faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/ · Jane's Brain Page...Processes & personality info http://www.maui.net/~jms/brainuse.html · Mental Health Net... http://www.cmhc.com/ · NIA/NIH Neurosciences http://adobe.nia.nih.gov/ · Neurosciences on the Internet... http://www.neuroguide.com/ · Neurosciences at the University of Washington...Good site for reference and links; research-oriented http://faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/neuro-uw.html · Neuroscience on the Web...WWW library link to neuroscience http://neuro.med.cornell.edu/VL/ · Psychiatry On-Line 1996 http://www.cityscape.co.uk/users/ad88/psych.htm · Psych Central...Dr. Grohol's Mental Health Page http://www.grohol.com/ · ShuffleBrain - Main Menu http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/home.html · Society for Neuroscience http://www.sfn.org/ · Welcome to Neuroscience-Net http://www.neuroscience.com/ Images: · Brain Anatomy Tutorial...Anatomy & physiology tutorial using sheep brain sections http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/brain/1neuro.htm · CNS Pathology Index...Plenty of images (gross anatomy & histology) and descriptions. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/CNSHTML/CNSIDX.html · Human Brain Dissection...WOW! Great reference with many images & descriptions! http://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/plate23/index.shtml · The Whole Brain Atlas...Another very good and detailed atlas of the human brain http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html · Wisconsin/Michigan State Brain Collections... Need to look at a manatee brain? - find it here http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/brain/
References · Entrez MEDLINE query...Premier search site for journal articles. http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=0 · Online Reference Works... http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Web/references.html · National Library of Medicine...WWW server for the U.S. National Library of Medicine http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ · Nat'l. Sci. Foundation...Links to NSF and funding http://www.nsf.gov/ · Scientific, Technical, Medical Journal List http://www.edoc.com/jrl-bin/wilma/spr · Virtual Reference Desk - Table of Contents...Pretty good list of lists http://www.refdesk.com/toc.html · Virtual Library...Good WorldWide Web starting point for general research on any topic http://www.vlib.org/ · WWW Library: Biosciences...Journal indices for bioscience. http://mcb.harvard.edu/BioLinks.html
WebSearch Sites Hint: For the least frustration, stick with the 2-3 sites that you like the best. · Google...My current favorite, fast and easy http://www.google.com/ · HotBot ...Another Excellent Search site http://hotbot.lycos.com/ · Yahoo...Very well organized directory of popular sites (not a search engine) http://www.yahoo.com/ · DogPile...Searches TEN search engines at once! (cool name too) http://www.dogpile.com/ · Lycos...Very large database http://www.lycos.com/ · Excite...Very large searcher http://www.excite.com/ · Magellan...Another Top searcher, includes ratings of sites found http://magellan.excite.com/ · Webcrawler...Another useful alternative http://www.webcrawler.com/ · AltaVista...Also a Mega-size searchers around http://www.altavista.com/ · Search ...C|net version of infoseek http://search.cnet.com/ · Switchboard...Find someone in the country http://www.switchboard.com/bin/cgiqa.dll?MG= · Yahoo People-Search...Looking for someone? http://people.yahoo.com/
Support web site for our textbook Martini On Line; Websites for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, Martini, 5th ed. (website for our A&P textbook). Click on a picture of your textbook enter your user name and password (see instructions in the preface of your book) and access a huge web study guide. Choose a chapter and answer a series of multiple choice questions, essays, searches, etc. Excellent links) If you are going to use the Internet to help yourself learn anatomy/physiology, this web site is a must. Extra credit points can be earned! http://www.prenhall.com/martini/5ed General Anatomy Visible Human Project; a number of links to thousands of images of serial sagittal and coronal thin slices of the human body. A famous project. All students of anatomy should use this http://www.yahoo.com/science/biology/anatomy/visible_Human_Project_
American Association of Anatomists; a huge listing of everything you need, from tutorials, graphics, animations, schools, etc. A must see and use for the internet anatomy learner. www.faseb.org/anatomy/hotlinks.html
Vesalius educational anatomy for the surgical community; excellent archive of surgical procedure images. Featured ones changed weekly. Involves a free registration to use. A good way to review your anatomy
UW Radiology Teaching File; Anatomy Teaching Modules http://www.rad.washington.edu/AnatomyModuleList.html
Human Anatomy On Line (a learning program for all body systems; anatomy/physiology on line, check it out)
Archive of anatomy and medical illustrations: An extensive list of illustrations and/or photographs of many topics, such as blood, cancer, cardiology, genetics, HIV, microorganisms, etc. http://www.cmsp.com/data2/txtidx.htm
CMM Image Gallery – an archive of electron microscope pictures of body structures as well as other biological organisms and even some non-biological material. Interesting pictures http://www.uq.oz.au/nanoworld/gallery.html
The Anatomy Atlas; University of Michigan Medical School (gross anatomy and histology illustrations) http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Atlas/atlas.html
Tufts University School of Medicine/ Cross Sectional Anatomy http://neuron3.med.tufts.edu/gross.html
Anatomy Tutorials; University of Newcastle; UK http://numedsun.ncl.ac.uk/~nds4/tutorials/index.html
Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/AnatomyHP.shtml
Anatomy Tables: Anatomy parts organized into tabular form, topics listed, i.e. arteries of the chest, etc. very good http://anatomy.uams.edu/HTMLpages/anatomyhtml/medcharts.html
Anatomy Links: A huge listing of websites for all kinds of topics in anatomy, such as case studies, images, tutorials, clinical applications. A must see. http://www.cellbiology.lsuhsc.edu/links/Links_anatomy.htm
General Anatomy and Physiology The Human Anatomy & Physiology Case Study Project (HAPCS) (a series of medical cases used to stimulate critical thinking skills to better understand anatomy and physiology, very good) http://www.niagara.edu/~bcliff/ Interactive Case Studies and the Human Body: These case studies are designed to provide opportunities for integrative thinking and problem solving for undergraduate students in anatomy and physiology. Click on either the female or the male body menu. The next menu presented will be body systems or topic. Click on the desired menu item to open the case studies. Your answered questions may be submitted to your instructor's e-mail address as well as to your own. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/abio/casestudies/
Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (contains lots of links that are good for the A&P learner)
Bio 201/202; Anatomy and Physiology at Yavapai College course notes and photographs; Prescott, Arizona. Click on a subject from the main menu and you will be presented summary notes and many photographs, microphotographs, etc. to click on. Each subject is recommended to study as we study. The photomicrographs of tissues and blood cells are some of the best. http://www.yavapai.cc.az.us/division/sci_math/biology/biology.htm
Mednets Anatomy and Physiology Databases (an extensive listing of links for all types of subjects in anatomy/physiology as well as other related medical subjects-very good) http://www.internets.com/mednets/sanatomy.htm
Study Practice Questions: questions over endocrine system, hematology, cardiovascular system, cardiac function, lymphatics and immunity, respiration, digestion, urinary system, reproduction and development. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/index.htm Virtual Explorer: The aim of the virtual explorer project is to develop highly interactive virtual environments for science education. Currently we are modeling an environment that allows a student to enter and navigate the bloodstream, exploring the basic function of the immune system, as well as a number of topics in basic biology and chemistry. In the future, we hope to expand the project to include additional domain areas. http://www-wilson.ucsd.edu/ve/index_noframes.html
General and Human Biology Weblinks, Anatomy/physiology: A variety of links to teaching websites covering such topic for example as tissues, immunology, pathology, neurology, fetal pig dissection, and more. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/gbio_weblinks/anatomy.mhtml
General and Human Biology Weblinks, mainpage: The mainpage of the above address which will link into all of the other main specializations of biology. Very comprehensive http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/gbio_weblinks/index.mhtml
General and Human Biology Weblinks, Bioethics Cases: A series of links to various issues facing society because of contempory biology www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/olc_linkedcontent/bioethics_cases/index.html
Anatomy and Physiology Lab Exercises at the University of Wisconsin: click on the table of contents to studies of tissues, dissections of cats, terminology, microscope usage, etc. Numerous links to labeled photographs of dissections and microscope views. http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/APlab/Table_of_Contents/table_of_contents.html
Brainpop: A general science site for all ages with movies, question/answer, interactive activities. Share this with your children. http://www.brainpop.com/ The Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide-Diagnostic Tests : select the topic and various diagnostic tests will be listed which you can click on to get information about. http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/diagnostics.shtml Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy: Contains short descriptions of just about every medical disorder there is. A classic reference for any student of the body. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/sections.htm Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics: A major reference website for this medical specialty, with muscles, nerves, fractures, medical conditions, links, and a search engine. http://www.medmedia.com/med.htm Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology: http://www.harcourt.com/dictionary/browse/ Urbana Atlas of Pathology, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana: A great source for descriptions, microslide views, and autopsy photos of most disorders a student of the body could encounter. http://www.med.uiuc.edu/PathAtlasf/titlePage.html Vesalius-an ouline graphical resource for the medical and surgical communities: Very interesting. A large archive of medical cases that takes your from the diagnosis to the surgical repair using a series of photos and explainations. http://www.vesalius.com/ Inner Body-All the Systems: Click on the desired body system, then choose images, animations with explanations, or a search. http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html Dedicated Pathology Site: An outstanding site from Florida State University. Menu selections include general and systemic pathology, lab exercises, examinations, tutorials, anatomy-histology, AIDS. Lots of images. Great reference site. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html#MENU Medicine Net: An excellent general reference site for disorders and medical issues. http://www.medicinenet.com/Script/Main/hp.asp Innovative Topics in Biology: Interesting discussions, illustrations, animations, etc. about current topics in biology. http://www.thirteen.org/innovation/index.html Web Anatomy: From the Univ. of Minnesota. Select the topic or body system then answer questions. The site will correct your quiz. Very good study tool. http://www.gen.umn.edu/faculty_staff/jensen/1135/webanatomy/ Web Page all about Organ Transplants: A site all about organ transplantation and donation of your parts, or all of you. http://www.transweb.org/default.htm
General Science Science Online; American Association for the Advancement of Science (a must for all scientists not only for current information of scientific research but also careers and job listings in science)
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History http://nmnhwww.si.edu/nmnhweb.html
National Science Foundation
Science Careers: BioChemNet; an excellent web site for the individual considering a career in the sciences, especially the biological sciences. Consists of links to careers, job markets, salaries, education, interviews and has data bases, professional organizations, and job preparation suggestions. http://schmidel.com/bionet/jobs.htm
General Medical and Biological MedicalStudent.com: MedicalStudent.com is a digital library of authoritative medical information for all students of medicine. Contains links to tutorials and teaching websites for all topics of medical science.
American Medical Association (contains an extensive set of archives of articles) http://www.ama-assn.org/public/journals/pubhome.htm
Medical Mnemonics: An extensive list of memorization hints for all kinds of medical topics and numerous anatomy learning exercises. Very good.
Medscape (an online resource for health professionals featuring thousands of full-text articles, medical news, and interactive quizzes, very good)
Medtropolis: A large resource for just about anything medical: http://www.medtropolis.com/VBody.asp
The Virtual Medical Center: An extensive site featuring atlases, multilingual medical dictionaries & encyclopedias, database of case studies, anatomy tutorials and questions. Very well designed tutorials using multimedia technologies. Useful for those in the EMS field. http://www-sci.lib.uci.edu/%7Emartindale/MedicalAnatomy.html
Your Cancer Risk: Your Cancer Risk estimates your risk of cancer and provides personalized tips for prevention. It doesn't tell you if you'll get cancer or not. Anyone can use Your Cancer Risk, but it's most accurate for people age 40 and over who have never had any type of cancer. http://www.yourcancerrisk.harvard.edu/
General Biological Science Animations: links to animations web sites for just about any topic in biological chemistry, basic biology concepts, and anatomy/physiology. Very comprehensive. Good for visual learners. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/animatio.htm#chemsitry
World-Wide Web Virtual Library - Biosciences (a huge listing of web sites covering all topics, including jobs in biology; very good) http://golgi.harvard.edu/biolinks.html
Building Blocks of Nutrition: excellent description of organic compound groups like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, etc. http://www.healthy.net/nutrit/nutinfo/bblocks/index.html
General and Human Biology Weblinks, mainpage: The mainpage of an above address which will link into all of the other main specializations of biology. Very comprehensive http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/gbio_weblinks/index.mhtml
General and Human Biology Weblinks, Bioethics Cases: A series of links to various issues facing society because of contempory biology www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/olc_linkedcontent/bioethics_cases/index.html
General and Human Biology Weblinks, Case Studies: A list of case studies of a variety of human biology issues. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/casestudies/
Endocrine System Endocrine glands: A large web site explaining normal and abnormal function of endocrine glands. Lots of information http://www.endocrine-surgery.com/
Endocrinology.com: a bit of everything for the endocrine system, including disorders, patient case histories, and professional directories.
The Thyroid Gland Tutorial: Photos of microstructure of follicles, point-click and identify parts; pop-up quiz questions, table listing functions of T3 and T4 hormones. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/thyro/thyroid.htm Diabetes Endocrinology: A good general presentation of diabetes mellitus from Singapore Hospital. Treatments, complications, types, pathophysiology, etc. http://www.sghhealth4u.com.sg/health4u/endocrinology/Diabetes_section.htm Pathophysiology of the Endocrine System: A good teaching site from Colorado State University. Presents concepts and all of the glands. A quiz is included that the site corrects for you. http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/ EndocrineWeb.com: The largest web site for Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, and Pancreas disorders, including Diabetes and Osteoporosis. This information is intended for the education of patients and their families. We add pages at least twice weekly and now include a very large amount of information on endocrine disease, conditions, hormone problems, and treatment options including all types of thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal surgery. http://www.endocrineweb.com/ NIDDK-Diabetes: An extensive resource site for diabetes mellitus from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/diabetes/diabetes.htm Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders: An extensive resource site for other endocrine and metabolic disorders from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/endo/endo.htm The Endocrine System: A good overview of the endocrine system and its methods of cell signaling but the main menu deals with estrogen and issues related to it. http://www.tmc.tulane.edu/ECME/eehome/basics/endosys/ List of Human Hormones: A nice set of notes for the endocrine system: http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/H/HormoneTable.html Insulin and Glucagon: A set of notes with diagrams. http://www.rpi.edu/dept/naturalsci/parsons/LECT32/32Lect.html Tutorial on Diabetes, type I Pathology: Description of diabetes and a good presentation of its complications. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/DIABETES/DIABETES.html Steering with Steroids: A unique site relating steroid hormones to athletics. http://whyfiles.org/090doping_sport/index.html G-proteins and Hormone Receptors: A good explanation of G-proteins, their discovery, action, activation by hormones, etc. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1994/illpres/disc-gprot.html
Reproductive System Histology of Male and Female Organ Reproductive System Organs and the Embryo: Labeled and Unlabeled Photomicrographs of reproductive structures and the embryo. http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/reproduction/Index.htm Gross Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System http://ets.cac.psu.edu/projects/Hagen/fmlgen.html
Reproduction and Development: A good written presentation. Check out the dancing baby http://mercy.georgian.edu/~wootton/REPROLE.html
What are the Components of the Male Reproductive System? http://www.cum.unuc.edu/HomePages/rhess/asa/handbook/ch1
Human Reproduction Problem Sets: Extensive problem sets and tutorials from the University of Arizona http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/problem_sets/Human_Reproduction/human_reproduction.html Inner Body-Click on the Symbol for Male or Female: http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html When Sperm Meets Egg (from Scientific American): An interesting relationship between nitric oxide (a newly discovered neurotransmitter that's also an industrial atmospheric pollutant) and fertilization. http://www.sciam.com/explorations/2000/081400fert/index.html Meiosis Tutorial: An explanation with animations. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/meiosis/main.html Birth Control: By going through this problem set students will learn what birth control methods are available in the United States, how they work and how effective they are in preventing pregnancy. Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/problem_sets/birth_control/birth_control.html Male Reproductive System: Text notes and diagrams of the system. Very good supplement to your notes. http://www.grad.ttuhsc.edu/courses/histo/notes/malerep.html Human Reproductive Problem Set-Questions with a Tutorial: This problem set is designed to help students understand the human reproductive system. It covers such topics as the anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems, the hormones that influence these systems, fertilization, sterilization, and transmission of HIV. Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/problem_sets/Human_Reproduction/human_reproduction.html
Pregnancy and Interactive Pregnancy Calendar: The Interactive Pregnancy Calendar will build a day-by-day customized calendar detailing the development of a baby from before conception to birth. Great if you are expecting. It will work out a detailed time line of the development of your baby. http://www.parentsplace.com/pregnancy/calendar Female Genital Tract Infections: Correlation of clinical presentations to microbiological results http://bugs.uah.ualberta.ca/webbug/powerpt/genital/index.htm Conceiving a Clone: Trace cloning technology from its beginnings to today's exciting biotechnology developments. Learn about techniques for "conceiving a clone." http://www.thinkquest.org/library/lib/site_sum_outside.html?tname=24355&url=24355/home.html Another Cloned: A good resource with links for this issue. http://sciencematters.com/cloned/ Embryology Links:Obstetric Ultrasound: Details of this procedure. http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/ Placental Pathology Index: An archive of images of normal and abnormal placenta conditions. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/PLACHTML/PLACIDX.html#2 OBGYN.net Image Library: This site is devoted entirely to providing access to images of interest to women's health. In addition to providing you with access to OBGYN.net images we also point to other women's health related images on the Internet. Because of the graphic nature of the material some individuals may prefer not to view these images. They are provided for educational purposes only. http://www.obgyn.net/image_library/image_library.asp Developmental Mechanisms: This problem set will introduce you to the basic concepts of development in a variety of organisms. You will also learn about the experiments that gave scientists in the early 20th century insight into the mechanisms of development. Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/developmental_bio/problem_sets/Developmental_Mechanisms/developmental_mechanisms.html The Visible Embryo: Click on the time spiral representing the 23 stages of development of the first trimester and every two weeks of the second and third trimester to preview the changes in each stage of human development. http://www.visembryo.com/baby/index.html Multidimensional Embryo: A three-dimensional image reference of the Human Embryo based on magnetic resonance imaging. The collection of images is intended to serve students, researchers, clinicians, and the general public interested in studying and teaching human development. http://embryo.soad.umich.edu/ Welcome to the Virtual World of Development: A tutorial with resources. http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/ Neonatology, Teaching Files, Outlines, and Guidelines: Very extensive index of resources about this subject. http://www.neonatology.org/syllabus/index.html The Baby Center: Another site to tract your babies development but this one has more related resources. http://www.babycenter.com/ Human GeneticsGenes and Human Disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/ Gene Map of the Human Genome: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/science96/ Human Genome Project Information: http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/home.html Chromosomal abnormalities: http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/disorders/karyotype/index.html Human Genetics Problem Set: Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/problem_sets/human_genetics/human_genetics.html Your Genes, Your Choices: Interactive case histories with lots of information. http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/genechoice/contents.html Karyotyping Activity: This exercise is a simulation of human karyotyping using digital images of chromosomes from actual human genetic studies. You will be arranging chromosomes into a completed karyotype, and interpreting your findings just as if you were working in a genetic analysis program at a hospital or clinic. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html Prenatal Testing, Pictures of Karyotypes, Plus other Complications: An extensive resource of prenatal testing methods, different chromosomal disorders, and others. Numerous images. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/PRENATAL/PRENATAL.html
Heart Electrocardiogram Library Homepage: A collection of ECG strips and explanations with associated case histories to help increase your ECG skills http://homepages.enterprise.net/djenkins/ecghome.html
Brief History of electrocardiography http://homepages.enterprise.net/djenkins/ecghist.html
The Heart; The Engine of Life; an anatomical tutorial http://www.animatedsoftware.com/ascodesc/theheart/hrtguide/hrtguide.htm#program_guide Heart Models/3D Models: Index of a wide variety of heart pathologies and a library of 3D heart models available free for educational use. http://software2.bu.edu/COHIS/cardvasc/cvd.htm
American Heart Association
Nitric Oxide as a chemical signal: functioning as a neurotransmitter and a cardiac regulator. http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1998/illpres/index.html EKG Tutorial, Part I: An excellent training device for learning about electrical conduction through the heart, components of the EKG, and interpretations. Presents animations of electrical conduction through the heart and their correlations to the EKG tracing. Very good. http://endeavor.med.nyu.edu/courses/physiology/courseware/ekg_pt1/ekgmenu.html
The Cardiac Cycle: Descriptions of the events of atrial and ventricular action shown by classic blood pressure change graphs, as used in class, EKG, and heart sounds. Excellent for visually putting all cardiac events together. http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html
The Auscultation Assistant: This site was designed in my fourth year of medical school at UCLA primarily for second-year medical students to help them appreciate the different audio characteristics of heart murmurs and breath sounds. http://www.wilkes.med.ucla.edu/inex.htm
Tour of a Heart Model: labeled and unlabelled diagrams of a heart model. Good for review purposes. http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/heart_model/index.htm
Dissection of a Fresh Pig Heart: labeled and unlabeled photographs of a heart dissection http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/fresh%20heart%20specimen/index.htm
Dissection of a Preserved Pig Heart: labeled and unlabeled photographs of a heart dissection http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/preserved_heart/Index.htm
The Heart Anatomy Tutorial: Photos of dissected hearts are presented and you point and click to identify the parts. Good study site when we do lab work on heart dissection. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/heart/anthrt.htm Learn CPR: http://depts.washington.edu/learncpr/ Heart Sounds: A collection of audio files. http://www.medlib.com/spi/oldaudiofiles.htm Auscultation Assistant: A collection of audio files. Includes breath sounds. http://www.wilkes.med.ucla.edu/intro.html Connections of the Heart (beating cardiac cells): Description of video of contracting cardiac cells. http://www.cellsalive.com/myocyte.htm 12-lead ECG Library: An electrocardiogram (ECG / EKG) is an electrical recording of the heart and is used in the investigation of heart disease. This library is a collection of realistic looking recordings which will help improve your ECG skills. http://www.ecglibrary.com/ecghome.html Heart Anatomy Tutorial: An excellent study tutorial for anatomy, ECG, and arrhythmias. Self-quizzes are included. You can even do some experiments. http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio202/cyberheart/cardio.htm Cardiac Muscle Images: Microscope images of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. Outline of characteristics is included. http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/muscular/muscular.htm
HHMI Virtual Cardiology Lab: Welcome to the Virtual Cardiology Lab. The focus of this lab is on heritable diseases of the heart. You are cast here as a virtual intern to accompany a doctor examining three different patients. Each patient is examined, using more than one diagnostic tool, and at each stage, the doctor will invite you to examine the patient yourself and ask for your opinion. http://www.biointeractive.org/grants/lectures/vlab98/ Electric Heart-NOVA Presentation: Map of the heart, amazing facts, artificial hearts, heart transplants. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/ EKG Tutorial: An excellent presentation of the electrical conduction through the heart. http://endeavor.med.nyu.edu/courses/physiology/courseware/ekg_pt1/ekgmenu.html Heart and Pericardium: Diagrams and movies of the heart. http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/cgi-bin/DA/PageMaster?atlas:Thorax+ffpathIndex/DMCindex/SUBJECTS/Heart_Label+2 Ask NOAH About: Heart Disease and Stroke: A very extensive list of links on this subject. http://www.noah-health.org/english/illness/heart_disease/heartdisease.html
Blood Vessels Fetal Blood Circulation: A short description with several good diagrams of the circulatory system in a fetus, the direction of blood flow within, and oxygen levels in the different types of blood vessels. http://www.cayuga-cc.edu/greer/biol204/heart4/heart4.html
Inner Body: Click, on the cardiovascular system for a tutorial. http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html
Learn Your Arteries: A tutorial, click on the numbers in the diagram to get the name. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/learnem/arteries/main_art.htm \ Nobel Prize in Physiology for 1998: "nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system". http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1998/illpres/index.html
Formed elements of the blood: Photographs of the different blood cells. http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/blood_cells/Index.htm
Blood cells and the CBC - Ed Uthman, MD Good presentation of the anatomy and physiology of blood. http://www.neosoft.com/~uthman/blood_cells.html
Blood cell identification, characteristics, functions, appearances, etc. http://www.psbc.org/ed/wbc.htm http://gene.md.huji.ac.il/gabi/blood/bloodmain.htm http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/MBChB/bloodmap/Blood.html The JayDoc HistoWeb: An excellent tissue study and blood cell study web site from the anatomy department at the University of Kansas. Excellent microphotos of the tissues with arrows pointing to the cells or tissues to be identified. http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/index.htm
The Histology Course: Excellent outline description and photomicrographs of tissues. Includes practice identifications. Topics include: epithelium, blood cells, nervous tissue, cardiovascular system, and alimentary tract. http://gene.md.huji.ac.il/gabi/lectures.htm
Introduction to Hematology: A simple descriptive tutorial, with diagrams and includes a simple quiz which the site corrects. Good for introduction to blood. http://www.psbc.org/education/hematology/ Click on Blood Cells for a Description: A photomicrograph of blood cells is presented. Click on any of the different cells and the name and functional information is presented. Good for learning functions of blood cells. http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/MBChB/bloodmap/Blood.html Genes and Blood Type: A good presentation of blood types, check it out. http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/basic/blood/index.html Blood Types Tutorial: Good teaching site, especially for the genetic transmission from parent to children. Includes a problem set. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/problem_sets/blood_types/Intro.html Blood and Blood Banking: A good reference site for information about donating blood and blood banking. http://www.aabb.org/All_About_Blood/FAQs/aabb_faqs.htm Blood Histology Lessons: An outline of notes from Vanderbilt University with photomicrographs of blood cells. http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histo/blood/index.html Clinical Correlations of pH levels: In this problem set, you will learn how metabolic acidosis or alkalosis can arise and how these conditions shift the bicarbonate equilibrium. The body's compensatory mechanisms and treatment options are also discussed. Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. For learning how blood helps maintain acid/base balance. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/medph/medph.html Blood Doping; Using Erythropoetin (EPO): A description of how atheletes use EPO to increase their stamina. http://whyfiles.org/090doping_sport/3.html Hematology: A short tutorial stating the functions of blood cells along photomicrograph images. Includes a quiz. http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/deanderson/hemotology/hemotologydef.html
Immune System Glossary of Immunology http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/MBChB/ImmGloss.html Understanding The Immune System: Click on "Immune System" in the main menu, then click on index to reveal an extensive listing of parts of the system that are summarized. A nice set of notes. http://newscenter.cancer.gov/sciencebehind/ Cells and Organs of the Immune System: A neat set of notes in notebook, table form. Nicely organized. Includes good links. http://www.whfreeman.com/kuby/content/anm/kb05an01.htm Lymphatic System and Immunity: A great set of notes with illustrations. http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookIMMUN.html Immune System Tutorial: A wonderful site for self learning. Includes a large number of tutorials with problem sets, case studies, and other www activities. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/immunology.html Inflammation pages: http://aeb.cvm.okstate.edu/vmed5264/reference/inflamm1.htm How Lymphocytes Produce Antibody, an Animation: A good, short presentation. Good graphics. http://www.cellsalive.com/antibody.htm Information on B and T Cells: A set of notes with diagrams. http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/B/B_and_Tcells.html Allergies: A set of notes with diagrams. http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/A/Allergies.html Transplants and Immunity: Addresses issues of using animal tissues http://whyfiles.org/007transplant/ Antibiotics Attack: Antibiotics attack is a tutorial designed to give any student background information on antibiotics, their function, and their targets. This multimedia presentation includes five major chapters that cover bacteria, antibiotic structure, pathways of attack, penicillin, and antibiotic resistance. Shockwave animations are integrated with diagrams and text. http://www.biointeractive.org/grants/lectures/biointeractive/Antibiotics_Attack/frameset.html Inflammation: The Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade: Details of the role of WBCs in the inflammatory process from the Univ. of Virginia http://hsc.virginia.edu/medicine/basic-sci/biomed/ley/ AIDS Links:HIV Infection: Check out the sites on the HIV diagram. http://www.cellsalive.com/hiv0.htm Aids Information Site: http://www.thebody.com/index.shtml AIDS: The War Within: http://www.msichicago.org/exhibit/AIDS/AIDShome.html HIV Insight: http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite In Search of AIDS-Resistance Genes: Scientific American article. Good presentation with lots of links. http://www.sciam.com/0997issue/0997obrien.html Aids on the Ropes- new drugs, new cures: Good illustrations and explanation of the cellular infection mechanism. http://whyfiles.org/035aids/index.html
Introductory Anatomy of Respiratory System. Dr. D.R. Johnson, Center for Human Biology http://www.leeks.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy7.html
Histology of Trachea and Lung: Tissue structure of the trachea and lungs. Also good for epithelium and cartilage http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/respiratory%20histology/Index.htm
The Auscultation Assistant: This site was designed in my fourth year of medical school at UCLA primarily for second-year medical students to help them appreciate the different audio characteristics of heart murmurs and breath sounds. http://www.wilkes.med.ucla.edu/inex.htm
Fundamentals of Acid-Base Balance http://gasnet.med.yale.edu/gta/acid-base/AB_Diag.html
Acid-Base Tutorial: excellent presentation http://gasnet.med.yale.edu/gta/acid-base/AB_Diag.html
Photographs of models of respiratory tract structures-unlabeled: http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/Course/BIOLOGY/1409/resp_urinary.htm Respiratory Animations: A good variety of animations and tutorials for respiratory physiology and disorders like asthma. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/animatio.htm#lung Stritch School of Medicine Pulmonary Curriculum: An excellent tutorial, itemized by topic, with quizzes. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/pulmonar/pulmcurr.htm Respiratory Physiology Lectures: A series of lectures, with audio and images, covering lung statics, pulmonary circulation, pulmonary ventilation, control of breathing, exercise, airway and lung defense mechanisms. http://mmi.mcgill.ca/eidelman/ Hear Clinical Breathing Patterns Using Real Audio: Breath sounds. Good for learning nursing assessment of lung auscultation. http://www.rale.ca/Repository.htm Lung Toxicology Problem Set: This problem set is designed to help you understand the basic anatomy and physiology of the respiratory organs, primarily the lungs. You will learn about lung development, respiratory toxicology, second-hand tobacco smoke, asthma, and lung cancer. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/chh/problem_sets/lung_toxicology/lung_toxicology.html Breath of Life: Personal experiences with asthma. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/breath/breathhome.html Teach your Patient about Asthma-A Clinicians Guide: Good for nurses. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/Allergy/Asthma/asthtoc.html Asthma; its Triggers and Treatments: Good site for the general public, check it out. http://whyfiles.org/042asthma/ Image Atlas on the Lungs and Bronchial Tree: Good anatomical images: http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/cgi-bin/DA/PageMaster?atlas:Thorax+ffpathIndex/DMCindex/SUBJECTS/Lungs+2 Lung Anatomy: Detailed notes with images. http://www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/3Section/08.shtml
Digestive System G-I Tract Mucosa: Micrographic photos of the inner lining of the various regions of the digestive tract; good views of epithelium http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/Digestive_slides/Index.htm Digestive Animations: An excellent variety of a number of tutorials and animations about digestion. http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/animatio.htm#digest A&P of the Digestive System: An excellent tutorial of the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system. Includes quizzes. From Colorado State University. http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/ Digestive System Lectures: A series of lectures by Dr. A. Wechsler with audio and images over secretion, mobility, and emptying of digestive system structures. Detailed. http://www.mmip.mcgill.ca/Unit4/Wechsler/ Gastrointestinal Hormones: A tutorial over hormones that regulate digestive system functions. http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/gi/index.html Digestion Lab: A laboratory exercise that demonstrates the action of digestive enzymes. Good for an enzyme function lab also. http://samson.kean.edu/~breid/enzyme/enzyme.html Dental Education on all types of teeth problems: For the general public. Check it out. http://www.hivdent.org/_peag/peagindex.htm Inner Body: Click on the Digestive System Anatomy button for a tutorial, including animations. http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html Digestive Disorders and Structure: From the Univ. of Texas, clinical presentations of digestive system disorders with case histories. http://utsurg.uth.tmc.edu/digestive/index.shtml Digestive Disorders: A good, extensive list of links on digestive system disorders from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/digest/digest.htm Normal Flora and their Location: Describes the normal population of microorganisms of the gut, mouth, skin, throat, Urogenital tract. http://www.qmw.ac.uk/~rhbm001/bactsick/bactsick.html Bacteria That Cause Ulcers: Short description with neat graphics. http://www.cellsalive.com/helico.htm Liver Pathology: Lecture notes with images from the Univ. of Mich. medical school with links to other pathologies. Good reference site. http://www.pds.med.umich.edu/users/greenson/M2liverlecture.html
Nutrition Links:Table of Vitamins with Sources and Information: http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/misc_topics/vitamins.html Introduction to Vitamins: http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/vitamins.html The Daily Apple: A website for healthy living. Membership is free. http://www.thedailyapple.com/ Nutritional Analysis Tool: An interactive, chart, personal nutrition calculator. http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/~food-lab/nat/mainnat.html Nutrition and Obesity: A good, extensive list of links on weight control issues from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/nutrit/nutrit.htm
Excretory System Histology of the Kidney and Urinary Bladder: Labeled photomicrographs of nephron, renal corpuscle, juxtaglomerular apparatus and bladder. Very good http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/kidney/Index.htm
The Parts and Workings of the Human Kidney: excellent web site with good illustrations describing the structure and function of kidneys. http://www.clark.net/pub/nhp/med/kidney/basics.html
Learn How the Bladder Works:
excellent description of the anatomy and the process
of micturition
Fundamentals of Acid-Base Balance http://gasnet.med.yale.edu/gta/acid-base/AB_Diag.html
Acid-Base Tutorial: excellent presentation http://gasnet.med.yale.edu/gta/acid-base/AB_Diag.html
Fluid Balance Test http://www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/fluid.balance.html
Photographs of models of kidney and nephron parts-unlabeled: http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/Course/BIOLOGY/1409/resp_urinary.htm
Urinary Animations: A number of excellent tutorials and animations about the urinary system http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/animatio.htm#urinary How the Kidney Works: A neat series of explanations with animated illustrations. Easy to understand. http://nephron.com/htkw.html Urinary Lab Procedures: Good step by step explanation of a urine analysis (UA) procedure with illustrations. Helpful to look at before doing it in the lab. http://www.medicine.mcgill.ca/physio/vlabonline/renalindex.htm Renal Function Lectures: A series of lectures with audio and illustrations by Dr. S. Prichard. http://www.mmip.mcgill.ca/Unit2/Prichard/ Inner Body: Click on the Urinary system icon for a tutorial. Includes animations and quiz. http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html The Nephron Information Center: A news site for professionals. http://nephron.com/ Kidneys and Toxic Metals: This problem set is designed to help you understand renal toxicology of metals. You will learn basic anatomy and physiology of the kidneys, properties of metals, and the effect of metals on the kidneys and on kidney cells. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/chh/problem_sets/kidneysmetals/kidneysmetals.html Urinalysis: An excellent tutorial about UA, good pictures. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/URINE/URINE.html NIDKK-on Kidney Disease: An extensive list of links for all topics associated with kidneys and urinary tract issues from the National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney diseases. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/kidney/kidney.htm NIDKK-on Urinary Disease: Like the above listing but different topics. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/urolog/urolog.htm Kidney Disease: A tutorial with images and links on renal cystic disease. Good reference for this topic. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/RENCYST/RENCYST.html
Acid-Base Physiology/Body Fluids Fundamentals of Acid-Base Balance http://gasnet.med.yale.edu/gta/acid-base/AB_Diag.html Acid-Base Tutorial: excellent presentation http://gasnet.med.yale.edu/gta/acid-base/AB_Diag.html
Fluid Balance Test http://www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/fluid.balance.html
Clinical Correlations of pH levels: In this problem set, you will learn how metabolic acidosis or alkalosis can arise and how these conditions shift the bicarbonate equilibrium. The body's compensatory mechanisms and treatment options are also discussed. Instructions: The following problems have multiple choice answers. Correct answers are reinforced with a brief explanation. Incorrect answers are linked to tutorials to help solve the problem. For learning how blood helps maintain acid/base balance. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/medph/medph.html
Demystifying Acid-Base Regulation: A set of notes that follows closely the presentation in this class. http://www-personal.usyd.edu.au/~nacolema/acidbase.html
Online Cat Dissection; a high school level dissection of the cat. Good for basic review when we are doing this learning project http://www.bhs.berkeley.k12.ca.us/departments/Science/anatomy/cat/index.html
Cat Dissection with labeling
Cat Dissection; blood vessels: http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/cat_circ/Index.htm
Virtual Cat: study of cat dissection with practice lab practicals
Anatomy Lab at Penn State University (Biology 129): Click on the body system to see numerous links to photographs of skeletal structure and dissected cat specimen. http://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/biology29.htm
Dissection of the Rat: http://www.utm.edu/~rirwin/RatAnat.htm
Muscle and Digestive System Dissection of the Rat: http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab15/
The Virtual Pig Dissection: http://mail.fkchs.sad27.k12.me.us/fkchs/vpig/
Virtual Pig Dissection (Shockwave): http://www.whitman.edu/offices_departments/biology/vpd/main.html
Dissection of a Fresh Pig Heart: labeled and unlabeled photographs of a heart dissection http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/fresh%20heart%20specimen/index.htm
Dissection of a Preserved Pig Heart: labeled and unlabeled photographs of a heart dissection http://www.tyler.cc.tx.us/Science/images/preserved_heart/Index.htm
Interactive Frog Dissection http://curry.edschool.Virginia.EDU/go/frog/menu.html
Sheep Brain Dissection Guide; learn the anatomy of the brain by dissecting a sheep brain on-line, many times this is a traditional lab exercise in anatomy/physiology classes. http://academic.uofs.edu/department/psych/sheep/
Your Surgery.Com: this neat website allows you to choose what type of surgery (ie. abdominal aortic aneurysm) and photographs and diagrams of the procedures are given along with anatomy of the site, pathology, symptoms, methods of diagnosis, possible complications, etc. http://www.yoursurgery.com/index.cfm
Cadaver Lab Instructions: http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/labi/labi.htm Cadaver Dissections at Texas Tech: Lots of images with these dissections. http://www.ttuhsc.edu/courses/cbb/ha/index.htm Human Dissections at University of Michigan Medical School: Like the item listed above but also with course content, quizzes, movies, notes, etc. Everything but the smell http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/home.html Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics: Very extensive. http://www.medmedia.com/med.htm
Nutrition Principles of Human Nutrition: class notes of a college nutrition course http://www.med.monash.edu.au/medicine/mmc/courses/2042/append1.htm
Nutritional Medicine: Role of Diet and Nutrition in Health http://www.healthy.net/clinic/therapy/nutrit/role.htm
Building Blocks of Nutrition: excellent description of organic compound groups like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, etc. http://www.healthy.net/nutrit/nutinfo/bblocks/index.html
Miscellaneous Nobel Prize Winners (all categories), 1901 - 2001 http://almaz.com/nobel/nobel.html
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Winners, 1901 - 2001 http://www.almaz.com/nobel/medicine/
Careers in Biology: An extensive list and discussion of schools and careers for biology majors Very good http://www.sicb.org/cib/index.html
Careers in Biology: The applied biology resource center of McGraw-Hill Co. a comprehensive list covers nearly every area of biology http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/abio/careers.mhtml
Medical and Health Science Careers: extremely comprehensive http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/prepro/pppref.html
Mentor; Interactive Education on the Wed (an excellent teaching web site that asks you questions, gives you a score, and has graphics. Good site)
Genentech Access of Resources; Links to Selected Resources (an extensive listing of titles for numerous web sites for the biological sciences. A good reference source)
Study Skills: A good web site with lots of links to others all dealing with improving your study habits and learning techniques. http://www.siu.edu/staffair/studyskls.html
Personality Tests: More than 50 personality and IQ tests available to take on the web. http://www.2h.com/Tests/personality.phtml/iq.phtml Human Cloning: An extensive site covering all sides of the issue. http://cac.psu.edu/~gsg109/qs/
The DVC Online Learning Styles Site: presents a discussion on individual learning styles, such as what type of sensory input method of information a college students learns best by; i.e. visual, tactile, auditory, etc. You may take an analysis exam on-line to determine which learning style is best for you. This site is a must for every college student. Helpful study techniques can be acquired from this analysis. http://silcon.com/~scmiller/lsweb/dvclearn.htm
Virtual Autopsy: presents 7 cases in which you attempt to determine the cause of death. Good practice using your knowledge of anatomy and physiology to develop critical thinking skills. http://www.le.ac.uk/pathology/teach/VA/titlpag1.html
Center for Human Simulation, Anatomical Visualization, Inc. Surgical simulations, animations, models, and movies. Some involve whole 3-D images of body parts, others are of serial coronal and transverse sections. Interactive. All images from the Visable Human databank. http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/chs/research/surgsim.html
Free, full article or abstract of any science journal article from nearly every science journal there is that is 12 months or older. Can be completely downloaded or printed. http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/freeart.dtl
Biosciences Journals: Science...Science news summaries and full text of selected articles. http://www.sciencemag.org/ Cell...All abstracts. http://www.cell.com/ Cell and Molecular Biology Online http://www.cellbio.com/ The EMBO Journal...Contents and selected abstracts http://www.emboj.org/ FASEB Journal http://www.arvo.org/ Human Molecular Genetics Journal...Contents and abstracts http://www3.oup.co.uk/hmg/ NaturalScience...Journal for the educated science browser http://naturalscience.com/ns/nshome.html Nature...Abstracts only; Free registration required http://www.nature.com/ Nature Biotechnology http://biotech.nature.com/ Nature Genetics http://genetics.nature.com/ Nature Medicine http://medicine.nature.com/ Journal of Biological Chemistry...Full text. http://www.jbc.org/ Journal of Cell Science...All abstracts on cell biology. http://www.biologists.com/JCS/ Journal of Clinical Investigation...Abstracts. http://www.jci.org/ Journal of Experimental Biology...All abstracts. Journal of Immunology...All abstracts. Journal of the National Cancer Institute...Abstracts only. WWW Journal of Biology Home Page...Excellent - full text with hyperlinks. http://epress.com/w3jbio/ Protein Science E-Journal...Contents and abstracts THE SCIENTIST http://www.the-scientist.library.upenn.edu/toc.html
Sites, References, Etc.: Entrez MEDLINE query...Premier search site for journal articles. http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=0 WWW Library: Biosciences...Journal indexes for bioscience. http://mcb.harvard.edu/BioLinks.html Online Reference Works... http://www.cs.cmu.edu/references.html SciWeb-The Life Science Home Page... http://www.sciweb.com/ CSUBIOWEB...Links to many other BioSci sites for surfin' http://arnica.csustan.edu/ Zippi's HomePage ...BioLinks (with a viral slant) from Dr. Teri Shors up in chilly Oshkosh http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/drshors/bugs/Page1.html
Medical/Health Daily/Weekly News Updates: · CNN - Health ... Daily news in Health & Medicine http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/ · Heart News Daily... Good site devoted to cardio-health news http://www.heartinfo.org/news/news.htm · JAMA News...Weekly updates from J. Am. Med. Assoc. http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/sci-news/1997/ · Mayo Medical Daily News...Very good biomedical news summaries http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/common/htm/headline.htm · Reuters Health News...Daily updates http://www.reutershealth.com/ · Science Daily...Updates in BioMed and other fields from AAAS · Science News...From the Weekly magazine ScienceNews http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/ · USA Today Health Index...Daily BioMed news organized by topic http://www.usatoday.com/life/health/lhindex.htm · Weekly News Briefs ...Press releases from various journals http://www.homepage.holowww.com/topcwh.htm · Better Health ...Categorized health updates http://www.allhealth.com/ · Medical Breakthroughs ...Hot off the presses! · Science Central...Links you to many SciNews articles http://www.ivanhoe.com/
Medical Journals: · British Medical Journal...News and full text of selected articles. http://www.bmj.com/bmj/index.html · Hospital Medicine...E-journal from Medscape, (Need password - free regist.) http://www.medscape.com/quadrant/HospitalMedicine/public/journal.HospMed.html · JAMA...Abstracts and full text of selected articles (Need password) http://www.ama-assn.org · The Lancet...Contents and selected articles (Need password) http://www.thelancet.com/index.html · Morbity-Mortality Weekly...Full text of selected articles. http://www2.cdc.gov/mmwr/ · New England Journal of Medicine http://www.nejm.org/ Health Magazines: · Lifelines... A Collection of health, nutrition and medical resources and Internet links http://www.lifelines.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~lifeline/mainpage.pl · Men's Fitness Homepage http://www.mensfitness.com/ · Men's Health ... http://www.menshealth.com/index.html · Women's Health... http://www.libov.com/ · Worldguide: Health & Fitness http://www.worldguide.com/Fitness/hf.html Sites, Links, Etc.: · American Heart Association...Homepage for AHA heart and stroke information · American Society of Clinical Pathologists http://www.ascp.org/ · American College of Physicians...Some areas for ACP members only http://www.acponline.org/ · Anatomy Atlases http://www.anatomyatlases.org/ · Barrow Neurological Institute http://www.chw.edu/MHA/LearnaboutUs/BNI.html · Centers for Disease Control and Prevention... http://www.cdc.gov/ · Cool Medical Site Of The Week...Changes weekly(?) to bring unique and informative medical sites http://www.hooked.net/users/wcd/cmsotw.html · Diabetes Fact Sheet...Diabetes information from CDC http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/ddt/facts.htm · Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center...Homepage of FHCRC http://www.fhcrc.org/ · Health Facts of the Week... Brief health-related factoids http://www.medicinenet.com/Script/Main/HP.asp?li=MNI&d=131 · Int. Assoc. Physic. AIDS Care http://www.iapac.org/ · Mayo Clinic & Foundation for Medical Education and Research... http://www.mayo.edu/menu.html · National Jewish Center for Immun. and Resp. Med. http://www.njc.org/ · NetMedicine Home Page... http://www.mdchoice.com/ · QuackWatch Home Page http://www.quackwatch.com/
Resources: · Ascultation Assistant...great site with audio files of various heart sounds http://www.med.ucla.edu/wilkes/intro.html · Ask Dr. Weil... http://pathfinder.com/drweil/ · Alphabetic List of Specific Diseases/Disorders...Background info on lots of common and unusual diseases http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/alphalist.html · BioMedNet ...EXCELLENT!! free registration allows access to LOTS of biomed/research journals and more! http://www.biomednet.com/ · Biotechnology Search ...Search Medline Molecular Biology Subset http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/medline · Clinical Pathology...Immunologic and Microbio pathology images http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPage/CLINPATH/CLINPATH.html · Dermatology Online Atlas... http://www.dermis.net/index_e.htm · Doctor's Internet Guide...News & health resources updated often http://www.pslgroup.com/docguide.htm · HeartInfo - Heart Information Network http://www.heartinfo.org/ · Henderson Health NewsWeeklies http://www.homepage.holowww.com/ · The Human Transcript Map...1996 Update on human genome project http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/ · Images of Osler...Good Medical Image Site http://omj.med.jhu.edu./images/ · Jonathan Tward's Multimedia Medical Reference Library... http://www.med-library.com/medlibrary/ · Martindale's Health Science Guide...Huge http://www-sci.lib.uci.edu/HSG/HSGuide.html · Mayo Health Oasis Library http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/common/htm/notfound.htm · Medical Matrix http://www.medmatrix.org/reg/login.asp · MedicineNet... http://www.medicinenet.com/Script/Main/hp.asp · Medscape...Good health resources, requires registration (free) to access http://www.medscape.com/ · MuscleNet...Neuro-, Cardio, & Genetic Muscle Info http://www.bio.unipd.it/~telethon/muscle1.html · Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man...Good resource on biomed research http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/ · Organ System Pathology http://medstat.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ORGAN.htmlorgan · Pathology Laboratory...Large medical image resource http://medstat.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html#organ · The Visible Human Project...Whole body sectioned - (Slow loading images) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html · WebDoctor... http://www.gretmar.com/ · Your Health Daily http://nytsyn.com/live/Lead/
Neuroscience Journals: · Archives of Neurology http://www.ama-assn.org/public/journals/neur/neurhome.htm · Archives of Psychiatry http://www.ama-assn.org/public/journals/psyc/psychome.htm · BNI Quarterly...Good info on neurologic applications & research at BNI http://www.thebni.com/quarterly.thml · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity...Abstracts only http://www.idealibrary.com/cgi-bin/www.idealibrary.com_8011/xlogin/guest-bi/ideal · Journal of Mind and Behavior http://kramer.ume.maine.edu/~jmb/welcome.html · Neurobiology of Disease...Full text http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/journal.html · Neuron...All abstracts, mostly in neurophysiology http://www.cell.com/neuron · Neurology Forum...Articles and responses on neuroscience topics http://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/forum/ · Neuroscience Newsletter http://www.sfn.org/NL/current/ · On The Brain http://www.med.harvard.edu/publications/On_The_Brain/ · Psyche...An interdisciplinary journal of research on consciousness http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/ Alzheimer's Disease: · Alzheimer Web Home Page ..Good reference page for AD sites and current research interests http://dsmallpc2.path.unimelb.edu.au/ad.html · Alzheimer Research...Mass. General Hosp. site for AD research http://132.183.145.103/alzheimers/alzheimer.html · Alzheimer Dementia Resource...Very good overview of AD including plenty of excellent images http://teri.bio.uci.edu/changes.html · Griffin's Alzheimer's Research...Homepage for Alzheimer researcher interested in cytokine activities in AD http://oz.ach.uams.edu/drg1.htm · Alzheimer's Disease Review...New E-Journal with several full articles http://www.coa.uky.edu/ADReview/
Parkinson's Disease: · Parkinson's Disease Sites http://euler.ntu.ac.uk/sm/Teach/parkdis.htm · Pathology of Degenerative CNS Diseases http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/CNS/CNS.htm · WebDoctor | Parkinson's http://www.gretmar.com/webdoctor/Parkinsons.html
· Barrow Neurological Institute http://www.chw.edu/MHA/LearnaboutUs/BNI.html · Calvin's Books and Articles... Full text of several mind/neuroscience-related books - Wow! http://faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/ · Jane's Brain Page...Processes & personality info http://www.maui.net/~jms/brainuse.html · Mental Health Net... http://www.cmhc.com/ · NIA/NIH Neurosciences http://adobe.nia.nih.gov/ · Neurosciences on the Internet... http://www.neuroguide.com/ · Neurosciences at the University of Washington...Good site for reference and links; research-oriented http://faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/neuro-uw.html · Neuroscience on the Web...WWW library link to neuroscience http://neuro.med.cornell.edu/VL/ · Psychiatry On-Line 1996 http://www.cityscape.co.uk/users/ad88/psych.htm · Psych Central...Dr. Grohol's Mental Health Page http://www.grohol.com/ · ShuffleBrain - Main Menu http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/home.html · Society for Neuroscience http://www.sfn.org/ · Welcome to Neuroscience-Net http://www.neuroscience.com/ Images: · Brain Anatomy Tutorial...Anatomy & physiology tutorial using sheep brain sections http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/brain/1neuro.htm · CNS Pathology Index...Plenty of images (gross anatomy & histology) and descriptions. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/CNSHTML/CNSIDX.html · Human Brain Dissection... http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Regions/BrainStemCord.shtml · The Whole Brain Atlas...Another very good and detailed atlas of the human brain http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/home.html · Wisconsin/Michigan State Brain Collections... Need to look at a manatee brain? - find it here http://www.neurophys.wisc.edu/brain/
References · Entrez MEDLINE query...Premier search site for journal articles. http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=0 · Online Reference Works... http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Web/references.html · National Library of Medicine...WWW server for the U.S. National Library of Medicine http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ · Nat'l. Sci. Foundation...Links to NSF and funding http://www.nsf.gov/ · Scientific, Technical, Medical Journal List http://www.edoc.com/jrl-bin/wilma/spr · Virtual Reference Desk - Table of Contents...Pretty good list of lists http://www.refdesk.com/toc.html · Virtual Library...Good WorldWide Web starting point for general research on any topic http://www.vlib.org/ · WWW Library: Biosciences...Journal indices for bioscience. http://mcb.harvard.edu/BioLinks.html WebSearch Sites Hint: For the least frustration, stick with the 2-3 sites that you like the best. · Google...My current favorite, fast and easy http://www.google.com/ · HotBot ...Another Excellent Search site http://hotbot.lycos.com/ · Yahoo...Very well organized directory of popular sites (not a search engine) http://www.yahoo.com/ · DogPile...Searches TEN search engines at once! (cool name too) http://www.dogpile.com/ · Lycos...Very large database http://www.lycos.com/ · Excite...Very large searcher http://www.excite.com/ · Magellan...Another Top searcher, includes ratings of sites found http://magellan.excite.com/ · Webcrawler...Another useful alternative http://www.webcrawler.com/ · AltaVista...Also a Mega-size searchers around http://www.altavista.com/ · Search ...C|net version of infoseek http://search.cnet.com/ · Switchboard...Find someone in the country http://www.switchboard.com/bin/cgiqa.dll?MG= · Yahoo People-Search...Looking for someone? http://people.yahoo.com/
Created
May 14, 2001; revised May 17, 2001 |
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